All securities A-Z

Price lists

Name Bid Ask Shares Exec.
orders		 Change
T & D Holdings Inc. 17.70 18.20 0 0 0.00%
T-Mobile US Inc. 181.70 183.54 2 434 40 -0.29%
T. Rowe Price Group Inc. 84.29 84.55 754 13 -0.08%
Tabcorp Holdings Ltd. 0.51 0.53 0 0 0.00%
Taboola Com Ltd. 3.36 3.46 322 1 -1.75%
Tactile Systems Tech. Inc. 20.60 21.00 100 1 -2.83%
TAG Immobilien AG  13.87 13.98 13 012 32 -1.54%
Taiheiyo Cement Corp. 19.40 20.00 0 0 0.00%
Taisei Corp. 70.50 71.00 0 0 0.00%
Taiwan Semiconduct.Manufact.Co ADRs  240.00 241.50 19 345 554 -1.63%
Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd. 16.90 17.30 1 1 +3.49%
Takara Holdings Inc. 7.45 7.65 0 0 0.00%
Takashimaya Co. Ltd. 8.50 8.75 0 0 0.00%
Take-Two Interactive Softw.Inc 203.80 204.60 1 962 147 -1.87%
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. 23.00 24.50 955 7 +0.33%
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.(Spons.ADRs) 12.00 12.40 0 0 0.00%
TAKKT AG 3.77 3.91 66 966 154 -6.71%
TAL Education Group Cl.A (ADRs) 9.10 9.45 0 0 0.00%
Talanx AG  107.00 107.40 4 487 89 -0.92%
Talga Resources Ltd. 0.25 0.262 7 837 3 +2.20%
Talgo S.A. 2.705 2.73 0 0 0.00%
Talon Metals Corp. 0.227 0.244 0 0 0.00%
Talos Energy LLC 9.256 9.354 178 3 +2.97%
Talphera Inc. 1.126 1.156 0 0 0.00%
Tamarack Valley Energy Ltd. 4.50 4.56 750 1 +1.75%
Tamura Corp. 3.34 3.40 0 0 0.00%
Tandem Diabetes Care Inc. 16.735 17.075 0 0 0.00%
Tanger Inc. 28.41 28.64 0 0 0.00%
Tapestry Inc. 88.13 89.19 131 4 +1.68%
Targa Resources Investments In 147.20 148.10 98 3 +0.34%
TARGET CORP. 72.38 72.80 4 212 75 -2.95%
Taseko Mines Ltd. 3.685 3.765 4 680 4 -5.16%
TaskUs Inc. 9.15 9.50 4 1 -2.11%
Tate & Lyle PLC 4.108 4.176 0 0 0.00%
Taylor Morrison Home Corp. 49.80 50.50 0 0 0.00%
Taylor Wimpey PLC 1.12 1.13 21 194 13 -2.61%
TC Energy Corp. 46.945 47.23 0 0 0.00%
TCL Electronics Holdings Ltd. 1.006 1.081 0 0 0.00%
TD SYNNEX Corp. 123.00 124.00 0 0 0.00%
TDG Gold Corp. 0.525 0.545 0 0 0.00%
TDK Corp. 13.25 13.52 270 6 -0.77%
TE Connectivity PLC 186.00 187.00 323 6 -7.84%
Teads Holding Co. 0.54 0.555 29 838 3 -7.44%
Team Inc. 12.80 13.10 0 0 0.00%
TeamViewer SE  5.44 5.50 265 766 459 -2.50%
Tecan Group AG 139.40 140.50 45 4 -2.50%
Technip Energies N.V. 33.60 33.74 737 13 -2.21%
TechnipFMC PLC 37.535 37.92 176 3 -1.01%
Technogym S.p.A. 15.40 15.55 989 4 0.00%
Technology One Ltd. 17.00 17.30 0 0 0.00%
Technoprobe S.p.A. 11.90 12.01 562 11 -1.16%
technotrans SE 32.20 32.70 10 938 102 +4.18%
TechTarget Inc. 4.22 4.26 0 0 0.00%
Techtronic Industries Co. Ltd. 9.552 9.808 1 343 5 +5.53%
Teck Resources Ltd. Reg. Sh.(Sub Vtg) Cl.B o.N. 32.94 33.40 1 540 7 -4.03%
Tecnicas Reunidas & West.S.A. 28.08 28.20 1 716 10 -2.64%
Tecnoglass Inc. 39.53 40.17 50 1 -0.15%
Tecogen Inc. 5.35 5.45 6 125 4 0.00%
Tectonic Metals Inc. 0.60 0.635 0 0 0.00%
Teekay Corp. 8.60 8.70 0 0 0.00%
Teekay Tankers Ltd. 52.00 52.50 115 2 -3.70%
TEGNA Inc. 17.00 17.10 0 0 0.00%
Teijin Ltd. 6.70 6.75 44 1 -4.23%
Teixeira Duarte S.A. 0.676 0.682 0 0 0.00%
Teladoc Health Inc. 5.827 5.894 23 451 33 -4.20%
Tele2 AB 13.03 13.13 337 7 +0.27%
Telecom Argentina S.A. ADRs 10.30 10.60 948 7 -5.36%
Telecom Italia S.p.A. 0.4633 0.4823 267 756 11 -1.91%
Telecom Italia S.p.A. 0.5448 0.5502 31 681 2 +2.72%
Teledyne Technologies Inc. 417.90 422.30 58 3 -1.66%
Teleflex Inc. 90.50 91.00 152 5 -1.09%
Telefonaktiebolaget L.M.Erics. 8.14 8.22 160 2 -0.61%
Telefonica Brasil S.A. ADRs 10.90 11.10 333 1 -0.89%
Telefónica S.A. 3.603 3.607 138 232 121 -1.42%
Telefónica S.A. Spons. ADRs 3.54 3.56 0 0 0.00%
Telekom Austria AG 8.65 8.69 5 005 15 -0.91%
Telenor ASA 12.18 12.27 9 629 20 +1.82%
Téléperformance SE 56.80 57.28 2 608 27 -2.08%
Telescope Innovations Corp. 0.22 0.234 30 130 9 -0.89%
Télévision Fse 1 S.A. (TF1) 7.85 7.91 11 5 +0.06%
Telia Company AB 3.264 3.28 2 404 8 -1.08%
Telix Pharmaceuticals Ltd 7.464 7.662 6 242 17 -4.75%
Telo Genomics Corp. 0.036 0.041 0 0 0.00%
Telstra Group Ltd. 2.693 2.78 0 0 0.00%
Temas Resources Corp. 0.103 0.116 0 0 0.00%
Temenos AG 75.15 75.45 43 4 +0.58%
Tempus AI Inc. Reg.Shs A 56.50 57.00 3 833 73 -5.00%
Tenable Holdings Inc. 21.96 22.40 1 317 10 -1.03%
Tenaris S.A. 17.125 17.26 1 140 1 +0.80%
Tencent Holdings Ltd.  67.60 68.00 27 854 227 -1.67%
Tencent Music Entertainment Gr 7.70 7.90 265 5 -4.29%
Tencent Music Entertainment Gr ADRs 15.10 15.60 3 564 23 -6.13%
Tenet Healthcare Corp. 161.00 162.00 11 2 -0.59%
Tennant Co. 60.00 60.50 20 1 0.00%
Tennant Minerals Ltd. 0.0035 0.004 193 699 16 0.00%
Teradata Corp. 23.00 23.20 21 1 +0.86%
Teradyne Inc. 134.92 135.62 1 742 70 -7.55%
Terawulf Inc. 9.94 10.15 38 355 109 -5.66%
Terex Corp. 36.16 36.32 0 0 0.00%
Terna S.p.A. 9.008 9.098 2 526 11 -0.18%
Ternium S.A. Sp. ADRs 30.40 30.80 35 1 +0.65%
Terns Pharmaceuticals Inc. 22.40 23.00 5 109 20 -3.39%
Terra Innovatum Global S.R.L. 3.66 3.74 8 000 14 -3.27%
TerrAscend Corp. 0.336 0.354 0 0 0.00%
Terumo Corp. 12.70 13.00 100 1 -1.53%
Tesco PLC 5.05 5.10 2 876 8 +1.98%
Tesla Inc.  343.20 343.75 74 480 1 450 -2.15%
Tetra Tech Inc. 30.40 30.80 501 2 0.00%
TETRA Technologies Inc. 6.20 6.25 0 0 0.00%
Teva Pharmaceutical Inds Ltd. ADRs 20.90 21.20 13 001 27 -1.41%
Tevogen Bio Holdings Inc. 0.344 0.376 0 0 0.00%
Texas Instruments Inc. 132.72 133.16 899 35 -2.47%
Texas Pacific Land Corp. 750.50 781.50 72 13 -2.54%
Texas Roadhouse Inc. Cl.A 143.80 144.65 190 6 -0.86%
Textron Inc. 68.74 69.30 768 12 -1.18%
TFF Group S.A. 16.80 16.90 58 1 -2.17%
TFI International Inc. 70.00 70.50 20 1 -2.10%
TG Therapeutics Inc. 26.16 26.685 1 1 +0.28%
TGS Nopec Geophysical Co. ASA 7.715 7.78 700 1 0.00%
Thai Beverage PCL 0.2944 0.314 167 1 -0.77%
THALES S.A. 231.00 231.70 2 577 189 +0.48%
The Bank of Nova Scotia 57.49 57.66 4 427 45 -0.83%
The Grounds R.Est. Dev. AG 0.855 1.07 0 0 0.00%
THE ITALIAN SEA GROUP S.P.A. Azioni nom. o.N. 3.945 3.98 0 0 0.00%
The Naga Group AG 0.45 0.526 5 505 6 +10.04%
The Payments Group Hldg KGaA 0.59 0.64 1 204 3 -3.28%
The Platform Group AG 7.44 7.50 9 198 58 -4.82%
The Social Chain AG 0.006 0.007 20 608 3 -23.53%
The Trade Desk Inc. 33.115 33.46 12 624 170 -4.46%
The Travelers Companies Inc. 249.00 250.50 248 10 +0.73%
The Vita Coco Company Inc. 39.60 40.60 360 4 +0.05%
Theon International PLC 26.50 26.70 1 432 15 -1.30%
Theravance Biopharma Inc. 15.30 15.70 2 1 -0.65%
Therma Bright Inc. 0.036 0.0505 0 0 0.00%
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.  495.30 498.40 1 326 89 -0.23%
Thermon Group Holdings Inc. 28.20 28.60 0 0 0.00%
Thesis Gold Inc. 0.93 0.984 12 729 5 -6.15%
Theta Gold Mines Ltd. 0.0905 0.094 0 0 0.00%
THG PLC 0.469 0.481 5 1 -1.95%
Thomson Reuters Corp. 114.00 114.60 242 4 +0.64%
Thor Explorations Ltd. (New) 0.645 0.705 0 0 0.00%
Thor Industries Inc. 83.04 83.52 0 0 0.00%
Thor Medical ASA 0.306 0.315 3 495 2 +4.52%
ThredUp Inc. 5.95 6.15 0 0 0.00%
ThreeD Capital Inc. 0.042 0.0475 0 0 0.00%
Thule Group AB (publ) 21.46 21.56 370 4 -0.18%
THUNGELA RESOURCES 3.82 3.874 13 788 20 -1.64%
thyssenkrupp AG  9.15 9.234 297 504 577 -2.62%
thyssenkrupp nucera AG&Co.KGaA  8.29 8.415 42 556 118 -2.01%
Tianneng Power Intern. Ltd. 0.835 0.875 0 0 0.00%
Tianqi Lithium Corp. 5.75 5.90 1 710 7 -4.96%
Tick Trading Software AG 7.80 7.95 2 471 15 0.00%
Tidewater Inc. (New) 45.24 45.69 211 3 +1.81%
Tier One Silver Inc. 0.06 0.0696 0 0 0.00%
TietoEVRY Oyj 17.40 17.53 160 2 +1.73%
Tiger Brands Ltd. 17.00 17.30 200 1 +0.58%
Tilray Brands Inc.  0.7778 0.7822 319 018 185 -5.85%
Timbercreek Financial Corp. 4.06 4.08 0 0 0.00%
Timken Co. 64.50 65.00 0 0 0.00%
TIN INN Holding AG 14.40 14.90 74 1 -2.04%
Tinexta S.p.A. 14.60 14.63 0 0 0.00%
Tingyi (Cayman Isl.)Hldg Corp. 1.26 1.32 0 0 0.00%
Tinka Resources Ltd. 0.25 0.28 17 052 4 -2.84%
TIS Inc. 27.20 28.00 0 0 0.00%
Titan America 12.30 12.70 0 0 0.00%
Titan Machinery Inc. 12.80 13.10 0 0 0.00%
Tivan Ltd. 0.115 0.122 0 0 0.00%
Tiziana Life Sciences Ltd. 1.36 1.44 0 0 0.00%
TJX Companies Inc. 128.20 128.76 393 14 +2.01%
TKH Group N.V. 36.92 37.08 30 2 +0.48%
TKMS AG & Co. KGaA 63.05 63.70 75 522 1 494 -4.37%
TMX Group Ltd. 31.60 31.80 0 0 0.00%
Toast Inc. 27.985 28.555 1 555 31 +0.09%
Tobii AB 0.1294 0.1335 4 125 2 +0.39%
Tocvan Ventures Corp. 0.568 0.582 28 356 10 -1.37%
Toho Co. Ltd. (9602) 47.20 47.80 0 0 0.00%
Tohoku Electric Power Co. Inc. 5.75 5.90 0 0 0.00%
Tokai Carbon Co. Ltd. 5.25 5.35 25 2 -1.80%
tokentus Investment AG 0.99 1.04 0 0 0.00%
Tokenwell Platforms Inc. 0.105 0.112 50 1 +7.41%
Tokio Marine Holdings Inc. 28.67 29.26 943 20 +0.86%
Tokmanni Group Corp 6.78 6.83 9 549 12 -1.56%
Tokuyama Corp. 20.40 20.80 0 0 0.00%
Tokyo Century Corp. 10.20 10.40 0 0 0.00%
Tokyo Electric Pwr Co.Hldg.Inc 4.4465 4.4925 1 510 5 -8.60%
Tokyo Electron Ltd. 172.05 174.75 455 23 +2.24%
Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd. 32.00 32.80 3 1 +3.05%
Tokyo Metro Co. Ltd. 8.28 8.48 355 5 -1.82%
Tokyo Seimitsu Co. Ltd. 57.25 58.70 197 1 +6.67%
Tokyo Tatemono Co. Ltd. 17.40 17.80 0 0 0.00%
Tokyu Corp. 9.25 9.60 0 0 0.00%
Tokyu Fudosan Holdings Corp. 7.25 7.40 0 0 0.00%
Toll Brothers Inc. 109.05 109.55 1 393 15 -0.36%
TOM Group Ltd. 0.041 0.051 0 0 0.00%
Tomra Systems ASA 10.01 10.08 10 407 41 -2.23%
TomTom N.V. 5.005 5.05 1 530 3 -2.13%
TON Strategy Co. 2.52 2.58 2 130 3 +0.81%
Tong Ren Tang Techs Co.Ltd. 0.492 0.545 0 0 0.00%
Tongcheng Travel Holdings Ltd. 2.30 2.38 0 0 0.00%
Tongda Group Holdings Ltd. 0.4652 0.5091 0 0 0.00%
tonies SE 8.95 9.10 91 916 247 +2.52%
Tonix Pharma. Holding Corp. 13.40 13.70 1 036 3 -4.11%
Tonkens Agrar AG 6.45 7.15 2 1 +0.72%
Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. 33.40 34.60 0 0 0.00%
Topaz Energy Corp. 17.10 17.20 0 0 0.00%
TopBuild Corp. 352.00 354.00 1 1 -0.56%
Topgolf Callaway Brands Corp. 8.35 8.526 100 1 -0.12%
Toppan Inc. 21.40 21.60 0 0 0.00%
Toray Industries Inc. 5.312 5.424 0 0 0.00%
Torex Gold Resources Inc. 36.78 37.00 1 317 6 -0.87%
TORM PLC 18.88 19.025 5 476 31 -3.96%
Toro Co. 58.40 59.62 0 0 0.00%
Toromont Industries Ltd. 97.50 98.50 0 0 0.00%
Toronto-Dominion Bank, The 70.42 70.70 0 0 0.00%
Tosoh Corp. 11.80 12.10 75 1 +1.64%
Total Energy Services Inc. 8.45 8.58 0 0 0.00%
TotalEnergies EP Gabon S.A. 184.00 184.50 71 14 -1.07%
TotalEnergies SE  54.70 54.86 20 991 257 -1.12%
TotalEnergies SE Spons.ADRs 55.00 55.50 1 062 3 0.00%
Touchstone Exploration Inc. 0.071 0.092 0 0 0.00%
Tourmaline Oil Corp. 37.57 37.81 332 4 -1.65%
Towa Corp. 13.10 13.40 90 1 +5.56%
Tower Semiconductor Ltd. 78.84 80.12 194 7 -6.65%
Towngas Smart Energy Co. Ltd. 0.406 0.436 50 1 -3.77%
Toyo Seikan Group Holdings Ltd 18.30 18.80 0 0 0.00%
Toyo Tire Corp. 22.40 22.80 0 0 0.00%
Toyota Industries Corp. 92.30 93.70 1 1 -0.52%
Toyota Motor Corp. 16.50 16.678 26 873 84 -1.81%
Toyota Motor Corp. Spons.ADRs 164.50 167.50 3 1 0.00%
Toyota Tsusho Corp. 25.00 25.60 0 0 0.00%
TPG Inc. Class A 47.60 48.00 0 0 0.00%
Traction Uranium Corp. 0.169 0.20 3 977 1 +10.00%
Tractor Supply Co. 45.425 45.885 4 1 +0.77%
Tradegate AG 88.50 92.50 0 0 0.00%
Tradeweb Markets Inc. 92.50 93.00 0 0 0.00%
Trane Technologies PLC 345.80 348.20 587 38 -1.28%
TransAlta Corp. 11.95 12.075 199 1 -4.54%
Transcat Inc. 45.80 47.60 0 0 0.00%
Transcontinental Inc.Cl.A 11.90 12.30 0 0 0.00%
TransDigm Group Inc. 1 145.00 1 159.00 5 3 -0.13%
TransMedics Group Inc. 106.70 107.95 336 12 -5.48%
Transocean Ltd. 3.28 3.36 52 934 12 -5.03%
Transport. de Gas del Sur S.A. B(Sp.ADRsRegS)/5AP1 25.80 26.60 0 0 0.00%
TransUnion 70.00 70.50 0 0 0.00%
Transurban Group 8.20 8.35 1 870 4 -0.59%
TRATON SE  27.26 27.50 20 818 68 -4.32%
Travel + Leisure Co. 53.00 53.50 0 0 0.00%
Travelsky Technology Ltd. 1.10 1.21 46 2 +4.31%
Travere Therapeutics Inc. 29.60 30.60 269 2 -2.60%
Treasury Wine Estates Ltd 3.073 3.125 6 187 9 -0.68%
Tredegar Corp. 6.70 6.90 1 1 +1.44%
TreeHouse Foods Inc. 20.40 20.60 0 0 0.00%
Trelleborg AB 33.80 33.96 0 0 0.00%
Trend Micro Inc. 41.68 42.54 0 0 0.00%
Trevi-Finanziaria Industr. SpA 0.41 0.4135 1 000 1 +1.70%
Trex Co. Inc. 26.01 26.27 105 2 -2.92%
Tri Pointe Homes Inc. 26.40 26.80 0 0 0.00%
Tribune Resources Ltd. 3.38 3.48 0 0 0.00%
Trident Resources Corp. Registered Shares o.N. 0.84 0.905 49 861 11 -5.61%
Trigano S.A. 139.50 139.80 89 6 -2.31%
Trigon Metals Inc. 0.151 0.172 50 1 -6.21%
Triller Group Inc. ./. ./. 0 0 0.00%
Trillion Energy International 0.0113 0.0165 306 500 3 +18.71%
Trilogy Metals Inc. 3.43 3.51 14 543 27 -5.43%
TriMas Corp. 27.20 28.00 0 0 0.00%
Trimble Inc. 64.42 65.38 30 1 +1.40%
Trinet Group Inc. 47.20 47.80 0 0 0.00%
TRINITY CAP INC. 12.32 12.45 900 8 -0.40%
Trinity Industries Inc. 22.00 22.20 0 0 0.00%
Trip.com Group Ltd. 60.56 63.06 310 4 -3.85%
Trip.com Group Ltd. Sp.ADRs 60.50 61.00 468 6 -1.59%
Tripadvisor Inc. 11.64 11.825 626 6 -7.26%
Triple Flag Prec. Metals Corp. 25.68 25.88 2 127 24 -4.92%
TriplePoint Vent.Gwth BDC Corp 5.36 5.485 1 097 2 +1.35%
Trisura Group Ltd. 24.20 24.60 0 0 0.00%
Triumph Gold Corp. 0.164 0.202 0 0 0.00%
Troilus Gold Corp. 0.766 0.79 9 766 6 -2.24%
TRONOX HOLDINGS PLC CL. A 2.50 2.52 4 819 6 -1.55%
Troops Inc. 0.99 1.04 0 0 0.00%
Troubadour Resources Inc. 0.0114 0.0164 0 0 0.00%
Troy Minerals Inc. 0.0615 0.084 0 0 0.00%
TRUBAR Inc. 0.59 0.615 0 0 0.00%
TrueCar Inc. 1.80 1.87 0 0 0.00%
Truist Financial Corp. 38.41 38.645 237 1 +0.35%
Trulieve Cannabis Corp. 4.034 4.244 4 044 13 +4.41%
Trump Media & Tech.GroupCorp. 8.926 9.024 2 135 12 -0.13%
Trupanion Inc. 30.15 30.76 0 0 0.00%
Trustpilot Group PLC 1.922 1.96 0 0 0.00%
TRX Gold Corp. 0.53 0.54 960 2 0.00%
Tryg AS 20.88 20.94 994 6 -0.47%
Tsakos Energy Navig. Ltd. 21.50 21.94 1 284 10 +0.91%
Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd. 5.83 5.98 25 1 +2.59%
Tsubakimoto Chain Co. 11.20 11.40 0 0 0.00%
TTEC Holdings Inc. 2.32 2.38 50 1 +1.72%
TTL Beteiligungs- u. Grundbesitz-AG 0.17 0.21 530 4 +9.47%
TTM Technologies Inc. 50.50 51.00 559 16 -9.82%
Tubacex S.A. 3.34 3.365 3 1 +1.04%
Tucows Inc. 17.20 18.00 0 0 0.00%
Tudor Gold Corp. 0.491 0.524 9 1 +2.62%
TUHU CAR Inc. 1.81 1.94 0 0 0.00%
Tuhura Biosciences Inc. 1.35 1.40 1 570 5 -8.50%
TUI AG  7.20 7.23 476 743 540 -4.80%
Tullow Oil PLC 0.0957 0.0995 3 920 3 +1.37%
Tuniu Corp. R.Shs Cl.A (SP.ADRs) 0.625 0.65 6 000 1 -0.78%
TURBO ENERGY S.A. 1.12 1.16 0 0 0.00%
Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetl. AS ADR 4.88 4.98 0 0 0.00%
Turning Point Brands Inc. 84.50 85.50 25 1 -2.82%
Turtle Beach Corp. 10.90 11.00 0 0 0.00%
Tutor Perini Corp. 51.50 52.00 0 0 0.00%
Tuya Inc. 1.71 1.79 0 0 0.00%
Tuya Inc. ADR 1.74 1.75 50 1 +3.37%
Tvardi Therapeutics 3.2725 3.3735 0 0 0.00%
Twilio Inc. 102.82 103.46 1 251 19 -1.38%
Twin Hospitality Group Inc. 3.04 3.32 0 0 0.00%
Twist Bioscience Corp. 22.51 22.74 2 083 10 +2.63%
Two Harbors Investment Corp. 8.11 8.28 0 0 0.00%
TXNM Energy Inc. 50.00 50.50 0 0 0.00%
Tyler Technologies Inc. 403.10 405.60 0 0 0.00%
Tyson Foods Inc. 45.62 45.83 3 904 10 -0.38%
Copyright © 2025 Tradegate Exchange GmbH
Please note terms & conditions

DAX®, MDAX®, TecDAX® and SDAX® are registered trademarks of ISS STOXX Index GmbH
EURO STOXX®-stocks indicate financial instruments of the trademark “EURO STOXX”, STOXX Limited and/or its licenser.
TRADEGATE® is a registered trademark of Tradegate AG

Prices in Euro; foreign currency bonds in the respective currency
Time stated is CET (UTC+1)